the favorite

viscus, ĕris, and more freq. in the plur.: viscĕra, um, n. [prop. the soft parts; cf.: viscum, viscidus], the inner parts of the animal body, the internal organs, the inwards, viscera (the nobler parts, the heart, lungs, liver, as well as the ignobler, the stomach, entrails, etc.; cf.: ilia, intestina, exta).

Sing.: mortui praecordia et viscus omne, Cels. praef. med.; Lucr. 1, 837; 3, 719; Tib. 1, 3, 76; Ov. M. 6, 290; 15, 365; Luc. 3, 658; Quint. Decl. 1, 14; Nemes. Cyn. 139.—

Plur. (only so in class. prose), Cels. 4, 11; 7, 9, 2; Lucr. 2, 669; 3, 249; 3, 375 al.; Ov. M. 7, 601; 8, 846; 12, 390; 15, 314; id. F. 4, 205 al.—Of the uterus, Quint. 10, 3, 4; Dig. 48, 8, 8.—Of the testicles, Petr. 119; Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 142.—

Transf.

The flesh, as lying under the skin:

cum Herculi Dejanira sanguine Centauri tinctam tunicam induisset, inhaesissetque ea visceribus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ut multus e visceribus sanguis exeat, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:

heu quantum scelus est, in viscera viscera condi!

Ov. M. 15, 88:

boum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159:

taurorum,

Verg. A. 6, 253; 8, 180.—

The fruit of the womb, offspring, child ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

(Tereus) in suam sua viscera congerit alvum,

Ov. M. 6, 651; 8, 478; 10, 465; id. H. 11, 118; cf. Curt. 4, 14, 22:

viscera sua flammis inicere,

i. e. one's own writings, Quint. 6, praef. § 3 Spald.—

Trop., like our bowels, for the interior, inward or inmost part:

itum est in viscera terrae,

Ov. M. 1, 138:

montis (Aetnae),

Verg. A. 3, 575:

in medullis populi Romani ac visceribus haerebant,

Cic. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

in venis atque in visceribus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 11, 24:

haec in dicendo non extrinsecus alicunde quaerenda, sed ex ipsis visceribus causae sumenda sunt,

id. de Or. 2, 78, 318: quae (enkeleusmata) mihi in visceribus haerent, id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires,

i. e. her own citizens, Verg. A. 6, 833:

de visceribus tuis,

i. e. from your means, property, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7; so,

aerarii,

id. Dom. 47 fin.: magnarum domuum, the heart, i. e. the favorite, Juv. 3, 72.

viscus, i, v. viscum init.

viscus, ĕris, and more freq. in the plur.: viscĕra, um, n. [prop. the soft parts; cf.: viscum, viscidus], the inner parts of the animal body, the internal organs, the inwards, viscera (the nobler parts, the heart, lungs, liver, as well as the ignobler, the stomach, entrails, etc.; cf.: ilia, intestina, exta).

Sing.: mortui praecordia et viscus omne, Cels. praef. med.; Lucr. 1, 837; 3, 719; Tib. 1, 3, 76; Ov. M. 6, 290; 15, 365; Luc. 3, 658; Quint. Decl. 1, 14; Nemes. Cyn. 139.—

Plur. (only so in class. prose), Cels. 4, 11; 7, 9, 2; Lucr. 2, 669; 3, 249; 3, 375 al.; Ov. M. 7, 601; 8, 846; 12, 390; 15, 314; id. F. 4, 205 al.—Of the uterus, Quint. 10, 3, 4; Dig. 48, 8, 8.—Of the testicles, Petr. 119; Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 142.—

Transf.

The flesh, as lying under the skin:

cum Herculi Dejanira sanguine Centauri tinctam tunicam induisset, inhaesissetque ea visceribus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ut multus e visceribus sanguis exeat, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:

heu quantum scelus est, in viscera viscera condi!

Ov. M. 15, 88:

boum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159:

taurorum,

Verg. A. 6, 253; 8, 180.—

The fruit of the womb, offspring, child ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

(Tereus) in suam sua viscera congerit alvum,

Ov. M. 6, 651; 8, 478; 10, 465; id. H. 11, 118; cf. Curt. 4, 14, 22:

viscera sua flammis inicere,

i. e. one's own writings, Quint. 6, praef. § 3 Spald.—

Trop., like our bowels, for the interior, inward or inmost part:

itum est in viscera terrae,

Ov. M. 1, 138:

montis (Aetnae),

Verg. A. 3, 575:

in medullis populi Romani ac visceribus haerebant,

Cic. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

in venis atque in visceribus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 11, 24:

haec in dicendo non extrinsecus alicunde quaerenda, sed ex ipsis visceribus causae sumenda sunt,

id. de Or. 2, 78, 318: quae (enkeleusmata) mihi in visceribus haerent, id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires,

i. e. her own citizens, Verg. A. 6, 833:

de visceribus tuis,

i. e. from your means, property, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7; so,

aerarii,

id. Dom. 47 fin.: magnarum domuum, the heart, i. e. the favorite, Juv. 3, 72.

viscus, i, v. viscum init.

hŏmo, ĭnis (archaic form hemonem hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. humanus init., and nēmo, from nĕ-hĕmo: homōnem, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P. = [p. 860] Ann. v. 141 Vahl.:

hŏmōnes,

Naev. 1, 1), comm. [root in humus, Gr. chamai; cf. Germ. -gam in Bräutigam; O. H. Germ. gomo; Goth. guma; Old Engl. goom; Engl. groom; cf. also Gr. epichthonioi; Hebr. Adam], a human being, man.

Lit.

In gen.:

animal hoc providum, sagax, multiplex, acutum, memor, plenum rationis et consilii quem vocamus hominem, praeclara quadam condicione generatum esse a summo deo, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22; cf.

, on the natural history of man,

Plin. 7 praef. sq.; § 5 sq.: decem hominibus vitam eripis, indictā causā, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 25 (24), 12: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.); cf.: unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 313 ib.): navus repertus homo Graio patre Graius homo rex, id. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183 ib.):

homo jam grandior,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 15:

homo amicus nobis... homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 86 sq.; cf.:

bonus homo et nobis amicus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18 fin.: quid est, quod homo masculus lubentius videre debeat bella uxore? Varr. ap. Non. 248, 16:

infelix,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169:

homo omni doctrina eruditus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

homo summā prudentiā, multā etiam doctrinā,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

de hujus hominis (i. e. Pompei) felicitate, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

iners atque inutilis,

id. Off. 3, 6, 31; cf.:

contemptus et abjectus,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

insulsus,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; cf.

also: hominum homo stultissime,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10:

quid hoc homine faciatis?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 42:

consulere generi hominum,

the human race, mankind, id. Rep. 3, 12:

genus hominum,

id. ib. 2, 26; id. de Or. 1, 9, 36; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7 et saep. (more freq., genus humanum; v. humanus and genus); cf.:

natura hominem conciliat homini... hominum coetus et celebrationes,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 12:

placet Stoicis, quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum causa esse generatos,

id. ib. 1, 7, 22:

homines plurimum hominibus et prosunt et obsunt,

id. ib. 2, 5, 17: is dictus popularibus olim, Qui tum vivebant homines, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 15, 58 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.):

homines Romani,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

lege conciliati homines cum dis putandi sunt,

id. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 16 et saep.: divumque hominumque pater, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Ann. v. 566 Vahl.); so, id. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4 (Ann. v. 567) and ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 254); but homo, sing., is used of the human race, mankind (= homines, genus humanum), when it has no predicate joined with it:

qua haud scio an quidquam melius sit homini datum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20; 3, 11:

taces, Monstrum hominis?

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 29; cf.:

odium illud hominis impuri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

quid hoc sit hominis?

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 26; cf.:

quid illuc hominus est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 17;

in addresses: nisi caves tu homo, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

tu homo adigis me ad insaniam,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 31.—In apposition:

mares homines,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 32:

amanti homini adulescenti,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 94; cf.:

filius homo adulescens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 52;

v. adulescens: verberare hominem senem,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 23:

servom hominem,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 62:

oculi hominis histrionis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

nemo homo,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29; cf.:

ut homo nemo velit nisi hominis similis esse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78;

v. nemo. —Of females: mater, cujus ea stultitia est, ut eam nemo hominem appellare possit,

Cic. Clu. 70, 199:

quae (Io) bos ex homine est,

Ov. F. 5, 620; Juv. 6, 284:

dulcissimum ab hominis camelinum lac,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123: homines feminae (opp. mares homines), Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 3.—

Prov.

Quot homines, tot sententiae, many men, many minds, i. e. every one has his own opinion, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 14; Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 15.—

Ut homo est, ita morem geras, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77 (but in Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 36 spurious, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Homines, dum docent, discunt, Sen. Ep. 7, 8 fin. —

Aiunt homines plus in alieno negotio videre quam in suo, the lookers-on see farther in the game than the players, id. ib. 109, 16. —

Homo nulli coloris, neither fish nor flesh, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 99.—

Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

homo ego sum, homo tu es,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 46.—

Lupus homo homini, non homo, quom qualis sit non novit, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 88.—

In partic.

Pregn., in a good or a bad sense.

In a good sense (cf. vir), a man, as a reasonable or moral being:

homo es, qui me emunxisti mucidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

si homo esset, eum potius legeret,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

nox te expolivit hominemque reddidit,

id. de Or. 2, 10, 40:

si vis homo esse,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

homines visi sumus,

id. ib. 13, 52, 2:

nos quod simus, quod habeamus, quod homines existimemur, id omne abs te habere,

id. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

si tu sis homo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 11:

et tu illum tuom, si esses homo, sineres, etc.,

if you had a man's sense, id. ib. 1, 2, 27:

exuens hominem ex homine,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: cum Socrates Alcibiadi persuasisset, eum nihil hominis esse, that he was nothing of a man (i. e. in no respect such as a man should be), id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77:

(Nero) dicebat se quasi hominem tandem habitare coepisse,

like a human being, Suet. Ner. 31:

me hominem inter homines voluit esse,

Petr. 39. —

In a bad sense, a man, as a weak, mortal being, subject to error, of low condition (rare):

fateor me saepe peccasse, nam et homo sum et adhuc juvenis,

Petr. 130: cf.

homines sumus, non dei,

id. 75:

(Demosthenes, Homerus) summi sunt, homines tamen,

Quint. 10, 1, 25.—In fem.: quae si hoc tempore non diem suum obiisset, paucis post annis tamen ei moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.—Also of servants (as distinguished from a free Roman): homo P. Quinti, Quintus's man, i. e. his slave, servant, Cic. Quint. 19, 61:

vinum familiae... Saturnalibus et Compitalibus in singulos homines congios,

Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Cat. 10, 16.—

In opp. to a woman, a man (anteand post-class., and very rare):

mi homo et mea mulier, vos saluto,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 57; Lact. 2, 12; Dig. 48, 19, 38.—

In milit. lang., homines, opp. to cavalry, foot-soldiers, infantry:

capti homines equitesque producebantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 39, 5; cf. vir. —

Homo novus, v. novus.—

Bodies, corpses:

jam pigritia singulos sepeliendi promisce acervatos cumulos hominum urebant,

Liv. 5, 48, 3.—

Particular phrases.

Paucorum hominum esse, to have but few intimates, be choice in one's company: (Maecenas) paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae. Hor. S. 1, 9, 44:

homo est Perpaucorum hominum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 19.— Hence, comically, of the favorite but rare fish, acipenser: Scipio vide, quid agas: acipenser iste paucorum hominum est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12 (see the anecdote in connection).—

Inter homines esse (agere).

To be among the living, to be alive, to live (very rare):

Hercules numquam abiisset ad deos, nisi cum inter homines esset, eam sibi viam munivisset,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

inter homines esse desinere,

i. e. to die, Dig. 31, 1, 59; so,

agere inter homines desinere,

Tac. A. 15, 74 fin.:

ab hominibus ereptus est,

Dig. 31, 1, 58.—

To see the world, be among men:

iste homo qui numquam inter homines fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76.—

Transf., esp. in familiar lang., the man, the fellow, instead of the pron. he, his, him:

haben argentum ab homine?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 65:

ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, ut, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:

itast homo,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 63:

dixit, se senatui roganti de Marcello ne hominis quidem causa negaturum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

ei medico imperasti, ut venas hominis incideret,

id. Pis. 34, 83:

tantum esse in homine sceleris,

id. Sest. 9, 22 Halm.; 41, 89; id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

persuasit homini,

Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

aut insanit homo aut versus facit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 117:

agnoscit hominem Caesar,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 19 Burm. ad loc.; al.—

Hic homo, this man, = I, myself (ante-class. and poet.):

hunc hominem velles si tradere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 47:

solus hic homo est, qui sciat, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33:

tibi verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 114 (cf. hic, G.).

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

Laevinum, Valerī genus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.—

The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.—

The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21. —

The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.—As adjj.

Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius:

gens,

Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.—

Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

Laevinum, Valerī genus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.—

The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.—

The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21. —

The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.—As adjj.

Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius:

gens,

Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.—

Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

Laevinum, Valerī genus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.—

The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.—

The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21. —

The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.—As adjj.

Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius:

gens,

Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.—

Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.

The celebrated Greek philosopher:

parens philosophiae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

fons et caput philosophiae,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

philosophi,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

viri,

id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

domus,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

sermones,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

lepor subtilitasque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

chartae,

Hor. A. P. 310:

sinus,

i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

Xenophon,

Nep. Ages. 1:

cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—

A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—

A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.

The celebrated Greek philosopher:

parens philosophiae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

fons et caput philosophiae,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

philosophi,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

viri,

id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

domus,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

sermones,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

lepor subtilitasque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

chartae,

Hor. A. P. 310:

sinus,

i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

Xenophon,

Nep. Ages. 1:

cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—

A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—

A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

Sōcrătes, is, m., = Sôkratês.

The celebrated Greek philosopher:

parens philosophiae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

fons et caput philosophiae,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

ab Apolline omnium sapientissimus dictus,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 50.— Voc. Socrate, bis, Cic. Fragm. p. 477 Orell.—As an appellative, in the plur.:

ut exsistant... Socratae simul et Antisthenae et Platones multi,

Gell. 14, 1, 29; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 50. —Hence, Sōcrătĭcus, a, um, adj., = Sôkratikos, of or belonging to Socrates, Socratic:

philosophi,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104:

viri,

id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

domus,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 14:

sermones,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 67; Hor. C. 3, 21, 9:

lepor subtilitasque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

chartae,

Hor. A. P. 310:

sinus,

i. e. devoted to philosophy, Pers. 5, 37:

Xenophon,

Nep. Ages. 1:

cinaedi (in reference to Alcibiades, the favorite of Socrates),

Juv. 2, 10.—As subst.: Sōcrătĭci, ōrum, m., the followers or disciples of Socrates, Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 61 sq.; id. Off. 1, 1, 2 et saep.—

A Greek painter, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137.—

A Greek sculptor, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32.

paelex ( pēlex, and, only in inscriptions, pellex), icis, f. [akin to Sanscr. pallavaka, girl; Gr. pallakis, concubine], a kept mistress, concubine of a married man.

Lit.: antiqui proprie eam pelicem nominabant, quae uxorem habenti nubebat. Cui generi mulierum etiam poena constituta est a Numā Pompilio hāc lege: paelex aram Junonis ne tangito, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 222 Müll.; cf. Gell. 4, 3, 3:

libro Memorialium Masurius scribit: pelicem apud antiquos eam habitam, quae, cum uxor non esset, cum aliquo tamen vivebat eamque nunc vero nomine amicam, paulo honestiore concubinam appellari,

Dig. 50, 16, 144; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 39; id. Merc. 4, 1, 24 et saep.—With gen. of the wronged wife:

filiae paelex,

Cic. Clu. 70, 199; id. Or. 30, 108:

tune eris et matris paelex et adultera patris?

Ov. M. 10, 347:

illa Jovis magni paelex, metuenda sorori,

id. H. 14, 95:

fugit (Medea) ulta paelicem, Magni Creontis filiam,

Hor. Epod. 5, 63:

horrida,

Juv. 2, 57.— Poet., of the cows, as rivals of Pasiphaë, who had become enamoured of a bull, Ov. A. A. 1, 321.—

Transf.

A kept mistress, concubine, in gen. (post-class.):

virginem constupratam servo suo paelicem dederat,

Curt. 10, 1, 5:

Artaxerxi regi Persarum ex paelicibus centum et quindecim filii fuere,

Just. 10, 1, 1; cf.: Granius Flaccus scribit, pelicem quosdam vocare eam, quae uxoris loco sine nuptiis in domo sit. Dig. 50, 16, 144.—

A male prostitute (postclass.), Paul. ex Fest. p. 222 Müll.:

Dolabella eum (Caesarem) pelicem reginae (appellavit), as the favorite of King Nicomedes,

Suet. Caes. 49;

in apposition, pelices ministri,

Mart. 12, 97, 3.—

Comically, [p. 1289] a substitute:

quoties pelex culcita facta mea est (sc. matellae),

Mart. 14, 119, 2.

Chăres, ētis, m., a Greek proper name.

The Athenian general, Nep. Timoth. 3 sq.; id. Phoc. 2, 3.—

A statuary of Lindos in Rhodus, the favorite pupil of Lysippus, Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 41. —

A Grecian writer of Mitylene, Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 33; Gell. 5, 2, 2.

dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imp. duc;

but duce,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 18; id. Most. 1, 4, 11; id. Poen. 5, 4, 59; id. Rud. 2, 3, 55; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26.— Perf. sync.: duxti, Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Cat. 91, 9; Prop. 1, 3, 27), v. a. [cf. Goth. tiuh-an; O. H. Germ. zieh-an, to draw; Germ. -zog, in Herzog, commander, duke], to lead, conduct, draw, bring forward, in all senses; very freq. passing over into the signif. of the compounds abducere, deducere, adducere, producere, etc., and of the synonyms agere, trahere, movere, etc. (very freq.).

Lit.

In gen.:

quo sequar? quo ducis nunc me?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 2: duc hos intro, id. Am. 2, 2, 224; id. Aul. 2, 6, 13:

duc ac demonstra mihi,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 36:

suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10 fin.; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 5 fin. et saep.:

(difficile iter) vix qua singuli carri ducerentur,

id. ib. 1, 6, 1; cf.

plaustra,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 34: aquam ducere, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.; so,

aquam per fundum ejus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 4:

spiritum naribus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 5: so,

spiritum per siccas fauces,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8; cf.:

aërem spiritu,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6 fin.:

animam spiritu,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; and in gen.: spiritum, for to live, id. Fam. 10, 1; cf.:

vitam et spiritum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

tura naribus,

to inhale, Hor. C. 4, 1, 22:

sucos nectaris,

to drink in full draughts, to quaff, id. ib. 3, 3, 34; cf.

pocula,

id. ib. 1, 17, 22; and:

Liberum,

id. ib. 4, 12, 14.— Poet.:

jucunda oblivia vitae (referring to the waters of Lethe),

Hor. S. 2, 6, 62 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 714 sq.) et saep.:

mucronem,

to draw from the scabbard, Verg. A. 12, 378; cf.:

ferrum vaginā,

Ov. F. 4, 929:

ensem vagina,

Sil. 8, 342;

but: ensem duxerat faber,

had beaten out, forged, Tib. 1, 3, 48:

sortem,

Cic. Div. 2, 33; Verg. A. 6, 22;

hence, also transf. of that which is drawn by lot,

Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Rep. 1, 34; Suet. Caes. 12; Tac. A. 1, 54; 3, 28 al.:

pondus aratri,

to draw, Ov. M. 7, 119:

remos,

to row, id. ib. 1, 294; cf. id. ib. 4, 353:

numerosa brachia,

in dancing, id. Am. 2, 4, 29:

lanas,

to spin, id. ib. 4, 34; cf.

stamina,

id. ib. 4, 221:

ubera,

to milk, id. ib. 9, 358:

frena manu,

to guide, govern, id. ib. 15, 518: vela, to haul (= navigare), Prop. 1, 6, 2:

manus, of swimming,

id. 3, 20, 2:

ilia,

to draw the flanks together, become broken-winded, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9:

os,

to draw awry, to make wry faces, Cic. Or. 25 fin.; Quint. 9, 3, 101; cf.

vultum,

Ov. M. 2, 774; id. P. 4, 8, 13; Mart. 1, 41 et saep.:

non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico Victorem,

to draw along, Hor. C. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 1, 93.— Absol.:

sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere,

to take to one's self, appropriate, Sall. J. 41, 5.—

Esp.

To lead, conduct, as a way or road:

via ducit (te), in urbem?

Verg. E. 9, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 5; Verg. A. 1, 401; Ov. F. 2, 679:

Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 20:

via ad undas,

Ov. M. 3, 602:

via ad infernas sedes,

id. ib. 4, 433; cf.:

iter ad urbem,

id. ib. 437; Curt. 3, 28, 19; Sen. Prov. 6, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 1; Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 111; Quint. 5, 9, 14; Liv. 5, 40, 8 al.—

Se, in colloq. lang., to betake one's self, go:

jam me ad regem recta ducam,

Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 8, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 11; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 7: Balbus duxit se a Gadibus, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1.—

A legal t. t., to take, lead away, drag, carry off a person before court, to prison, to punishment, etc.: POST. DEINDE. MANVS. INIECTIO. ESTO. IN. IVS. DVCITO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; so,

in jus,

Liv. 2, 27:

illos duci in carcerem jubent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30:

aliquem in carcerem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

in vincula,

id. ib. 79:

ad mortem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Phoc. 4, 3; and absol.:

ducite, ubi capiat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 65; Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 14; Suet. Calig. 27; Plin. Ep. 10, 97, 3 al.: NI. IVDICATVM. FACIT. AVT. QVIS. ENDO. EM. IVRE. VINDICIT. SECVM. DVCITO. VINCITO, etc., XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45:

decreta ejus modi: SI PETIT DUCAS. C. Fuficium duci jussit petitorem,

to be imprisoned, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; so of a debtor (addictus) who is led off as a slave, Novat. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Fl. 20 fin.; Liv. 6, 14 sq.; cf. id. 2, 23 med.; cf.

prov.: stultitiast venatum ducere invitas canes,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83. —

Uxorem, to lead a wife home, i. e. to marry:

bona uxor si ea deducta est, etc.... Verum egon eam ducam domum, Quae, etc.?

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 91:

uxorem domum,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 68:

filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9, 3; cf. Liv. 4, 4:

eum uxorem ducturum esse aliam,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 105:

uxorem (or aliquam, filiam alicujus, etc.),

id. Aul. 2, 1, 48; id. Cas. prol. 69 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 128; 2, 1, 21 et saep.; Cic. Sest. 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4; id. B. C. 3, 110, 2; Verg. E. 8, 29; Vulg. Marc. 10, 11 et saep.— Absol.:

si tu negaris ducere,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; 2, 3, 9; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 76; Liv. 4, 4 al.: jugum ducere cum infidelibus, i. e. to be yoked in marriage, Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 14.—Rarely for nubere: si ignorans statum Erotis ut liberum duxisti, isque postea servus est judicatus, etc., Imp. Antonin. ap. Cod. Just. 5, 18, 3.—In the comic poets, of taking home prostitutes, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 35; 4, 2, 44; id. Men. 1, 2, 15; id. Stich. 5, 4, 48; id. Truc. 3, 2, 10 et saep.—

In milit. lang.

Said of a commander, to lead, to cause to move, to march his army in any direction:

locis apertis exercitum ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 64 fin.; 1, 68, 1:

exercitum ab Allobrogibus in Segusianos,

id. B. G. 1, 10 fin.:

exercitum in fines Suessionum,

id. ib. 2, 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 3;

5, 18, 1: exercitum (legiones, etc.) in Bellovacos,

id. ib. 2, 13, 1; 5, 24, 2 et saep.; cf. Tac. A. 2, 57:

cohortes ad eam partem munitionum, quae, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 62, 2:

exercitum Uticam,

id. ib. 2, 26, 1:

reliquas copias contra Labienum,

id. B. G. 7, 61 fin. et saep.—In pass., of the soldiers, to march, move:

quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 2.—And in act., absol., of the general himself, to march, move (a favorite expression of Liv.;

not in Caes. or Sall.): (Mettus) ducit, quam proxime ad hostem potest,

Liv. 1, 23; 1, 27; 9, 35; 22, 18 et saep.—Hence,

In gen., to lead, command an army or (more freq.) a division:

qua in legatione duxit exercitum,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so,

exercitum,

Nep. Eum. 13, 1; id. Epam. 7, 3:

qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 6; 6, 38, 1; id. B. C. 3, 91, 1:

ordinem,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4; 3, 104, 3; Suet. Vesp. 1:

partem exercitūs,

Sall. J. 55, 4 et saep.—Rarely, to lead a division in front, in advance:

consuetudine sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat: post eas... inde, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 2; hence also, to march in front, take the lead, said of the division that forms the van:

pars equitum et auxiliariae cohortes ducebant, mox prima legio, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 51; cf. id. ib. 1, 64 fin. —

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to lead, to be leader, head, chief, first in any thing:

accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5 fin. Manut.; so,

familiam,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 30; id. Fin. 4, 16, 45:

ordines,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

classem (discipulorum),

Quint. 1, 2, 24 Spald.:

funus,

Hor. Epod. 8, 12:

toros,

Ov. F. 6, 668 et saep.—

To conduct as prisoners in a triumph:

per triumphum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67:

in triumpho,

Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139, v. triumphus.—

With the accessory idea of creation, formation, to produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, dispose (cf.:

struo, pono, condo, fundo): parietem per vestibulum alicujus,

to erect, Cic. Mil. 27 fin.; cf.

muros,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 23:

vallum ex castris ad aquam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 73, 2:

fossam,

id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; 7, 73, 2:

arcum,

Ov. M. 3, 160:

lateres de terra,

Vitr. 2, 3:

vivos vultus de marmore (with excudere spirantia aera),

Verg. A. 6, 849; cf. id. ib. 7, 634; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240; Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125; Quint. 10, 3, 18 Spald.; Juv. 7, 237; hence, poet. also:

epos,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 44:

carmen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 18; 3, 14, 32:

versus,

id. ib. 5, 12, 63 et saep.:

liniam ex colore,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 81; Quint. 2, 6, 2; cf.

orbem,

id. 11, 3, 118:

alvum,

to bring forth by clysters, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 4 et saep.: alapam alicui, qs. to fetch one a box on the ear, Phaedr. 5, 3, 2; cf.

colaphum,

Quint. 6, 3, 83 Spald.:

pugnum,

Dig. 47, 10, 4 et saep.;

so esp. of processions, dances, etc.: funus,

Cic. Quint. 15 fin.; Ov. M. 14, 746; Verg. G. 4, 256; cf.

exsequias,

Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 154:

pompam,

Ov. H. 12, 152; id. F. 6, 405; id. M. 13, 699:

choros,

Tib. 2, 1, 56; Hor. C. 1, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6 et saep.; cf.

choreas,

Ov. M. 8, 582; 14, 520.—

To receive, admit, take any thing (not ante-Aug.):

cicatricem,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 66; Liv. 29, 32, 12:

rimam,

Ov. M. 4, 65:

situm,

to grow rusty, Quint. 1, 2, 18:

formam,

Ov. M. 1, 402:

colorem,

id. ib. 3, 485; cf.

pallorem,

to grow pale, id. ib. 8, 760:

nomina,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 76:

notam,

id. ib. 4, 2, 59 et saep.

Trop.

In gen., to lead, guide, draw, conduct:

progredimur quo ducit quemque voluntas,

Lucr. 2, 258; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 27; 1, 6, 57:

ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 31:

Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

id. C. 4, 8, 34; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 26:

per quaedam parva sane ducant (futurum oratorem),

id. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 1, 1, 27; 1, 5, 58.—Prov.:

ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,

Sen. Ep. 107.—

In partic.

To draw, deduce, [p. 616] derive its origin or beginning from, any thing:

ab aliqua re totius vitae ducere exordium,

Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

exordium a nostra persona,

Quint. 3, 8, 8; 4, 1, 7:

principium disputationis a principe investigandae veritatis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21 fin.:

belli initium a fame,

id. Att. 9, 9, 2; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 21:

initia causasque omnium ex quatuor temporum mutationibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

originem ab Isocrate,

Quint. 2, 15, 4; 1, 6, 38; Hor. C. 3, 17, 5 al.:

ingressionem non ex oratoriis disputationibus, sed, etc.,

Cic. Or. 3, 11:

honestum ab iis rebus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Or. 39, 135:

nomen ex quo,

id. Ac. 11, 41; cf.:

nomen a Graeco,

Quint. 1, 6, 3; 3, 7, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 66 et saep.; cf.

also: utrumque (sc. amor et amicitia) ductum (al. dictum) est ab amando,

Cic. Lael. 27; id. Fin. 2, 24, 78.—

To lead a person, as regards his will or opinions, in any direction; to move, incite, induce, allure, in a good or bad sense (most freq. in the pass.):

ita me ad credendum tua ducit oratio,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 18:

nos ducit scholarum consuetudo,

Quint. 4, 2, 28; 5, 11, 19; cf. id. 9, 1, 21:

ducit te species,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 35 et saep.:

declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio, ut, etc.,

Quint. 10, 7, 21.—In the pass.:

si quis statuarum honore aut gloria ducitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58 fin.:

eloquentiae laude,

id. Or. 32, 115:

quaestu et lucro,

id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

hoc errore ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 41; cf.:

litteris eorum et urbanitate, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120:

omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 6 et saep.—

In a bad sense, to cheat, deceive, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Capt. 4, 2, 7; Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Ph. 3, 2, 15; Prop. 2, 17, 1 (3, 8, 1 M.); Ov. H. 19, 13; id. M. 3, 587 (with decipere).—

With regard to time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4; id. B. C. 2, 18, 6; 2, 37, 5 sq.; Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 22, 25 et saep.; cf.:

bellum longius,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64, 2; 3, 42, 3:

bellum in hiemem,

id. ib. 1, 61, 3:

eam rem longius,

id. B. G. 7, 11, 4; cf.:

rem prope in noctem,

id. B. C. 3, 51, 7:

rem leniter,

Liv. 3, 41 et saep. Also transf., of time itself:

tempus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; Nep. Them. 7:

diem ex die,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 4; and of persons who are put off, delayed:

ubi se diutius duci intellexit,

id. ib. 1, 16, 5.—Less freq. (mostly poet.),

In gen., of time, to pass, spend, enjoy:

aetatem in litteris,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; so,

aetatem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 202:

vitam,

id. Epod. 17, 63; Sen. Ep. 45, 10; cf. Verg. A. 2, 641 (where, shortly before, vitam producere):

noctes,

Prop. 1, 11, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13:

somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 560.—

In mercant. lang., to calculate, compute, reckon: age nunc summam sumptus duc, Lucil. ap. Non. 283, 30:

minimum ut sequamur, quoniam XC. medimnūm milia duximus, accedant eo, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 49; id. Att. 6, 1, 5 and 16; 6, 2, 7; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11; Gell. 1, 20, 5.—

Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere.

Rationem alicujus, to consider, calculate, care for one's advantage or interest (a favorite expression of Cicero):

duxi meam rationem, quam tibi facile me probaturum arbitrabar,

Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, § 7; so,

suam quoque rationem,

to have respect to one's own advantage, id. Verr. 2, 1, 48; and:

non minorem aratorum quam populi rationem,

Suet. Aug. 42 fin.:

salutis meae rationem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

rationem officii, non commodi,

id. Sest. 10, 23; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

unius cujusque temporis ducta ratio est,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 16:

rationem officii atque existimationis,

id. Quint. 16, 53.—

In gen., to reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem as any thing (cf. aestimo and existimo;

very freq. in prose and poetry): parvi id ducebat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

pro nihilo aliquid,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 90; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ea pro falsis ducit,

Sall. C. 3, 2; cf.:

innocentiam pro malevolentia,

id. ib. 12, 1:

vos eritis judices, Laudin' an vitio duci id factum oportuit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 5; so,

aliquid honori,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

aliquid laudi, Nep. praef. § 4: aliquem despicatui,

Cic. Fl. 27, 65: nihil praeter virtutem in bonis ducere (for which, shortly after, in bonis habere = numerare), Cic. Fin. 3, 3;

aliquem in numero hostium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1; cf. ib. 6, 23, 8; without in, ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.:

aliquem loco affinium,

Sall. J. 14, 1 Kritz. N. cr.: aliquid testimonii loco, Quint. 5, 9, 10:

tutelae nostrae duximus, cum Africo bello urgerentur,

Liv. 21, 41; cf.:

officii duxit exorare filiae patrem, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 11:

faceret, quod e republica fideque sua duceret,

id. ib. 25, 7 et saep.:

malum cum amici tuum ducis malum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 48; cf.:

Archytas iracundiam seditionem quandam animi vere ducebat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38:

eorum, quos idoneos ducebat, consilium habet,

Sall. J. 62, 4:

nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi ducunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.— With acc. and inf.:

sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum,

Verg. A. 6, 690:

ut omnia tua in te posita esse ducas humanosque casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2, 7, 19 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17; 1, 38; 3, 9 (three times); Sall. J. 93, 5; Liv. 22, 14, 6; 22, 59, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 2; 4, 30, 2; 6, 18 et saep.—Here too probably belongs the much disputed passage: ludos et inania honoris medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit (= ludos publicos cum aliis rebus quae ad inania honoris pertinent, duxit, i. e. existimavit habendos et ponendos in medio rationis atque abundantiae, ut inter rationem, quae plane spernit inania, et abundantiam, quae eadem ostentat, media via incederet), he thought right to manage them in a middle course between reason and profusion, Tac. Agr. 6 fin., v. Dübner and Orell. ad h. l.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

dēlĭcĭae, ārum, f. (sing. dēlĭcĭa, ae, f.;

ante-and post-class.,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 29; id. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Poen. 1, 2, 152; Inscr. Grut. 1014, 5: dēlĭcĭum, ii, n., Phaedr. 4, 1, 8; Verg. Copa, 26; Mart. 7, 50, 2; 13, 98, 1; Inscr. Orell. 680; 1724; 2679 sq.; 4394; 4958. And dēlĭcĭus, ii, m., Inscr. Don. cl. 1, 132, and ap. Gorium Columb. Liv. p. 73, no. 4) [delicio; that which allures, flatters the senses], delight, pleasure, charm, allurement; deliciousness, luxuriousness, voluptuousness, curiosities of art; sport, frolics, etc. (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: voluptas, libido, delectatio, oblectatio, delectamentum, oblectamentum).

Prop.:

cogitatio amoenitatum ad delectationem, aut supellectilis ad delicias, aut epularum ad voluptates,

Cic. Par. 1, 2; cf. Hor. Od. 4, 8, 10 et saep.:

deliciarum causa et voluptatis cives Romanos cum mitella saepe vidimus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10:

multarum deliciarum comes est extrema saltatio,

id. Mur. 6:

deliciis diffluentes,

id. Lael. 15; id. Verr. 2, 4, 57; Sall. C. 31, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 31 et saep.:

Herodotus Thucydidesque longissime a talibus deliciis vel potius ineptiis afuerunt,

Cic. Or. 12 fin.; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 6; 12, 8, 4: delicias facere, to play tricks, to joke, to make sport of one, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Poen. 1, 2, 68; 83; on the contrary, to sport as lovers, Catull. 45, 24;

72, 2: amores et hae deliciae quae vocantur,

Cic. Cael. 19:

votorum,

a dallying with, fondly prolonging, Juv. 10, 291: ecce aliae deliciae ( pretensions) equitum vix ferendae, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9:

esse in deliciis alicui,

to be any one's favorite, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1 fin.; so id. Vatin. 8 fin.; Lucr. 4, 1152:

aliquid in deliciis habere,

Cic. Div. 1, 34 fin.:

habere aliquem in deliciis,

Suet. Vit. 12:

in deliciis vivere,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 9. —

Transf., of living beings: delight, darling, sweetheart, beloved:

tu urbanus scurra, deliciae popli,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 14:

mea voluptas, meae deliciae, mea vita, mea amoenitas,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 152:

amores ac deliciae tuae Roscius,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79; cf. id. Att. 16, 6 fin.; id. Phil. 6, 5;

and the well-known appellation of Titus: amor ac deliciae generis humani,

Suet. Tit. 1: C. Sempronium Rufum mel ac delicias tuas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8:

Corydon ardebat Alexim, Delicias domini,

Verg. E. 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 9, 22, Cat. 6, 1:

verba ne Alexandrinis quidem permittenda deliciis,

favorite slaves, Quint. 1, 2, 7:

aegrae solaque libidine fortes Deliciae,

a voluptuary, minion, Juv. 4, 4; Petr. 67; Stat. Silv. 5, 5, 67; cf.

Plutarch, Anton. 59: delicias hominis,

a precious fellow! Juv. 6, 47.

dēlĭcĭae, ārum, f. (sing. dēlĭcĭa, ae, f.;

ante-and post-class.,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 29; id. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Poen. 1, 2, 152; Inscr. Grut. 1014, 5: dēlĭcĭum, ii, n., Phaedr. 4, 1, 8; Verg. Copa, 26; Mart. 7, 50, 2; 13, 98, 1; Inscr. Orell. 680; 1724; 2679 sq.; 4394; 4958. And dēlĭcĭus, ii, m., Inscr. Don. cl. 1, 132, and ap. Gorium Columb. Liv. p. 73, no. 4) [delicio; that which allures, flatters the senses], delight, pleasure, charm, allurement; deliciousness, luxuriousness, voluptuousness, curiosities of art; sport, frolics, etc. (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: voluptas, libido, delectatio, oblectatio, delectamentum, oblectamentum).

Prop.:

cogitatio amoenitatum ad delectationem, aut supellectilis ad delicias, aut epularum ad voluptates,

Cic. Par. 1, 2; cf. Hor. Od. 4, 8, 10 et saep.:

deliciarum causa et voluptatis cives Romanos cum mitella saepe vidimus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10:

multarum deliciarum comes est extrema saltatio,

id. Mur. 6:

deliciis diffluentes,

id. Lael. 15; id. Verr. 2, 4, 57; Sall. C. 31, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 31 et saep.:

Herodotus Thucydidesque longissime a talibus deliciis vel potius ineptiis afuerunt,

Cic. Or. 12 fin.; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 6; 12, 8, 4: delicias facere, to play tricks, to joke, to make sport of one, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Poen. 1, 2, 68; 83; on the contrary, to sport as lovers, Catull. 45, 24;

72, 2: amores et hae deliciae quae vocantur,

Cic. Cael. 19:

votorum,

a dallying with, fondly prolonging, Juv. 10, 291: ecce aliae deliciae ( pretensions) equitum vix ferendae, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9:

esse in deliciis alicui,

to be any one's favorite, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1 fin.; so id. Vatin. 8 fin.; Lucr. 4, 1152:

aliquid in deliciis habere,

Cic. Div. 1, 34 fin.:

habere aliquem in deliciis,

Suet. Vit. 12:

in deliciis vivere,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 9. —

Transf., of living beings: delight, darling, sweetheart, beloved:

tu urbanus scurra, deliciae popli,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 14:

mea voluptas, meae deliciae, mea vita, mea amoenitas,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 152:

amores ac deliciae tuae Roscius,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79; cf. id. Att. 16, 6 fin.; id. Phil. 6, 5;

and the well-known appellation of Titus: amor ac deliciae generis humani,

Suet. Tit. 1: C. Sempronium Rufum mel ac delicias tuas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8:

Corydon ardebat Alexim, Delicias domini,

Verg. E. 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 9, 22, Cat. 6, 1:

verba ne Alexandrinis quidem permittenda deliciis,

favorite slaves, Quint. 1, 2, 7:

aegrae solaque libidine fortes Deliciae,

a voluptuary, minion, Juv. 4, 4; Petr. 67; Stat. Silv. 5, 5, 67; cf.

Plutarch, Anton. 59: delicias hominis,

a precious fellow! Juv. 6, 47.

fortūna, ae (archaic gen. sing. fortunas, like familias, escas, vias, etc., Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.), f. [lengthened from fors; cf. Nep-tunus, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 434], chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune (good or ill; syn.: casus, fors; fatum, providentia).

In gen.:

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? quo modo ergo id, quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae, praesentiri et praedici potest?

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15:

si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem: quid est tandem quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Nihil enim est tam contrarium rationi et constantiae quam fortuna: ut mihi ne in deum quidem cadere videatur, ut sciat, quid casu et fortuito futurum sit. Si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est: est autem fortuna: rerum igitur fortuitarum nulla praesensio est, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 7, 18 sq.:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. Att. 14, 11, 1:

vir ad casum fortunamque felix,

id. Font. 15 fin.:

si tot sunt in corpore bona, tot extra corpus in casu atque fortuna... plus fortunam quam consilium valere,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

(bona) posita non tam in consiliis nostris quam in fortunae temeritate,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

adversante fortuna,

id. Rep. 2, 16 fin.; id. Mur. 31, 64:

quorum ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

id. Pis. 10, 22: secundam fortunam pulcherrime: adversam aeque ferre, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6; cf.:

prospera adversave fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

spoliatam fortunam conferre cum florente fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38:

integra fortuna (opp. afflicta),

id. Sull. 31 fin.:

florentissima (opp. durior),

id. Att. 10, 4, 4:

non praecipua, sed par cum ceteris fortunae condicio,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

optima,

id. ib. 3, 17 fin.:

rei publicae fortuna fatalis,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1; id. B. G. 1, 36, 3:

se suas civitatisque fortunas ejus fidei permissurum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3 fin. (cf. II. B. 1. fin. infra.).—Prov.:

fortuna miserrima tuta est,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 31:

fortuna meliores sequitur,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 15 (Dietsch): fortuna cum blanditur, captatum venit, Publ. Syr. 167 (Rib.): fortes fortuna adjuvat; v. fortis, II. A. fin. —

Personified: Fortuna, the goddess of fate, luck, or fortune, Fortune: He. Respice me. Er. Fortuna quod nec facit nec faciet me jubes, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54:

nequiquam tibi Fortuna faculam lucrifica adlucere volt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 47:

quo in genere vel maxime est Fortuna numeranda,

Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 61:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61:

saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 126:

Fortunae fanum antiquum (Syracusis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Fortunae in gremio sedens,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85 sq.:

bona Fortuna,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3 fin.:

Malam Fortunam in aedis te adduxi meas,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 17:

mala Fortuna,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 3, 25, 63: Fors Fortuna;

v. fors: Fortunae filius,

child of fortune, fortune's favorite, Hor. S. 2, 6, 49; v. filius.

In partic.

Without secunda or adversa, either good luck or ill luck, according to the context.

For fortuna secunda, good luck, good fortune, prosperity:

reliquum est, ut de felicitate pauca dicamus... Maximo, Marcello, Scipioni... non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam saepius imperia mandata,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

judicium hoc omnium mortalium est, fortunam a deo petendam,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

diuturna cum fortuna,

id. Div. 1, 20, 39:

superbum se praebuit in fortuna,

id. Att. 8, 4, 1:

non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

a fortuna deseri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34, 2: fortunam habere, to succeed, Liv. 24, 34, 1:

fortunam sibi facere,

id. 39, 40, 4; cf.:

fortunam sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 78:

habendam fortunae gratiam, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3:

dum fortuna fuit,

Verg. A. 3, 16:

deos precetur et oret, Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis,

Hor. A. P. 201:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te feremus,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 17:

venimus ad summum fortunae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret,

id. ib. 1, 12, 9:

occidit Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis,

id. C. 4, 4, 71.—Prov.: Fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 (Rib.).—Hence,

Per fortunas, i. e. for heaven's sake, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 13, 3; 3, 20, 1.—

For fortuna adversa, ill luck, mishap, misfortune, adversity (very rare):

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62:

ut arte Emendaturus fortunam,

id. S. 2, 8, 85.—

= condicio, state, condition, circumstances, fate, lot (class.;

a favorite expression of Cicero): est autem infima condicio et fortuna servorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

in infimi generis hominum condicione atque fortuna,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

(Lampsaceni) populi Romani condicione socii, fortuna servi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81;

so corresp. to condicio,

Quint. 3, 8, 50:

Aedui queruntur fortunae commutationem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

ut non modo omnium generum, aetatum, ordinum omnes viri ac mulieres, omnis fortunae ac loci, sed, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

homines infimā fortunā,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

inferiorem esse fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

spes amplificandae fortunae,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

cui cessit triplicis fortuna novissima regni,

lot, share, Ov. M. 5, 368:

Arruns Camillam Circuit et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat,

opportunity, Verg. A. 11, 761: Gallus utrum avem, an gentem, an fortunam corporis significet, bodily condition (of a eunuch), Quint. 7, 9, 2.— Plur.:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, abs te ut distrahar,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 23:

omnes laudare fortunas meas, qui gnatum haberem tali ingenio praeditum,

id. And. 1, 1, 71:

ejus laudare fortunas, quod qua vellet ingredi posset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 115:

et secundas fortunas amittere coactus est, et in adversis sine ullo remedio permanere,

id. Sull. 23, 66; Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 5; 6, 7, 6.—

Transf., concr., fortunae, ārum, less freq. in the sing., property, possessions, goods, fortune.

Plur.:

tum propter rei publicae calamitates omnium possessiones erant incertae: nunc deum immortalium benignitate omnium fortunae sunt certae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

bona fortunaeque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

pecunia fortunaeque,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

fortunas morte dimittere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

et honore et auctoritate et fortunis facile civitatis suae princeps,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

fortunis sociorum consumptis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.:

fortunarum pericula,

Quint. 4, 2, 122.—

Sing.:

quo mihi fortuna, si non conceditur uti?

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12:

nec mea concessa est aliis fortuna,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 57:

adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 60, 1 Ruhnk.:

de fortuna, qua uterque abundabat,

Quint. 6, 1, 50:

fortunam in nominibus habere,

Dig. 4, 7, 40 fin.

fortūna, ae (archaic gen. sing. fortunas, like familias, escas, vias, etc., Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.), f. [lengthened from fors; cf. Nep-tunus, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 434], chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune (good or ill; syn.: casus, fors; fatum, providentia).

In gen.:

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? quo modo ergo id, quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae, praesentiri et praedici potest?

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15:

si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem: quid est tandem quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? Nihil enim est tam contrarium rationi et constantiae quam fortuna: ut mihi ne in deum quidem cadere videatur, ut sciat, quid casu et fortuito futurum sit. Si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est: est autem fortuna: rerum igitur fortuitarum nulla praesensio est, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 7, 18 sq.:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. Att. 14, 11, 1:

vir ad casum fortunamque felix,

id. Font. 15 fin.:

si tot sunt in corpore bona, tot extra corpus in casu atque fortuna... plus fortunam quam consilium valere,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:

(bona) posita non tam in consiliis nostris quam in fortunae temeritate,

id. Lael. 6, 20:

adversante fortuna,

id. Rep. 2, 16 fin.; id. Mur. 31, 64:

quorum ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

id. Pis. 10, 22: secundam fortunam pulcherrime: adversam aeque ferre, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6; cf.:

prospera adversave fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

spoliatam fortunam conferre cum florente fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38:

integra fortuna (opp. afflicta),

id. Sull. 31 fin.:

florentissima (opp. durior),

id. Att. 10, 4, 4:

non praecipua, sed par cum ceteris fortunae condicio,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

optima,

id. ib. 3, 17 fin.:

rei publicae fortuna fatalis,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

belli,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1; id. B. G. 1, 36, 3:

se suas civitatisque fortunas ejus fidei permissurum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3 fin. (cf. II. B. 1. fin. infra.).—Prov.:

fortuna miserrima tuta est,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 31:

fortuna meliores sequitur,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 15 (Dietsch): fortuna cum blanditur, captatum venit, Publ. Syr. 167 (Rib.): fortes fortuna adjuvat; v. fortis, II. A. fin. —

Personified: Fortuna, the goddess of fate, luck, or fortune, Fortune: He. Respice me. Er. Fortuna quod nec facit nec faciet me jubes, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 54:

nequiquam tibi Fortuna faculam lucrifica adlucere volt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 47:

quo in genere vel maxime est Fortuna numeranda,

Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 61:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61:

saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 126:

Fortunae fanum antiquum (Syracusis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Fortunae in gremio sedens,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85 sq.:

bona Fortuna,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3 fin.:

Malam Fortunam in aedis te adduxi meas,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 17:

mala Fortuna,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 3, 25, 63: Fors Fortuna;

v. fors: Fortunae filius,

child of fortune, fortune's favorite, Hor. S. 2, 6, 49; v. filius.

In partic.

Without secunda or adversa, either good luck or ill luck, according to the context.

For fortuna secunda, good luck, good fortune, prosperity:

reliquum est, ut de felicitate pauca dicamus... Maximo, Marcello, Scipioni... non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam saepius imperia mandata,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

judicium hoc omnium mortalium est, fortunam a deo petendam,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

diuturna cum fortuna,

id. Div. 1, 20, 39:

superbum se praebuit in fortuna,

id. Att. 8, 4, 1:

non solum ipsa fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

a fortuna deseri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34, 2: fortunam habere, to succeed, Liv. 24, 34, 1:

fortunam sibi facere,

id. 39, 40, 4; cf.:

fortunam sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 78:

habendam fortunae gratiam, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73, 3:

dum fortuna fuit,

Verg. A. 3, 16:

deos precetur et oret, Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis,

Hor. A. P. 201:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te feremus,

id. Ep. 1, 8, 17:

venimus ad summum fortunae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret,

id. ib. 1, 12, 9:

occidit Spes omnis et fortuna nostri Nominis,

id. C. 4, 4, 71.—Prov.: Fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 (Rib.).—Hence,

Per fortunas, i. e. for heaven's sake, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 13, 3; 3, 20, 1.—

For fortuna adversa, ill luck, mishap, misfortune, adversity (very rare):

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62:

ut arte Emendaturus fortunam,

id. S. 2, 8, 85.—

= condicio, state, condition, circumstances, fate, lot (class.;

a favorite expression of Cicero): est autem infima condicio et fortuna servorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

in infimi generis hominum condicione atque fortuna,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

(Lampsaceni) populi Romani condicione socii, fortuna servi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81;

so corresp. to condicio,

Quint. 3, 8, 50:

Aedui queruntur fortunae commutationem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

ut non modo omnium generum, aetatum, ordinum omnes viri ac mulieres, omnis fortunae ac loci, sed, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

homines infimā fortunā,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

inferiorem esse fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

spes amplificandae fortunae,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

cui cessit triplicis fortuna novissima regni,

lot, share, Ov. M. 5, 368:

Arruns Camillam Circuit et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat,

opportunity, Verg. A. 11, 761: Gallus utrum avem, an gentem, an fortunam corporis significet, bodily condition (of a eunuch), Quint. 7, 9, 2.— Plur.:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, abs te ut distrahar,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 23:

omnes laudare fortunas meas, qui gnatum haberem tali ingenio praeditum,

id. And. 1, 1, 71:

ejus laudare fortunas, quod qua vellet ingredi posset,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 115:

et secundas fortunas amittere coactus est, et in adversis sine ullo remedio permanere,

id. Sull. 23, 66; Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 5; 6, 7, 6.—

Transf., concr., fortunae, ārum, less freq. in the sing., property, possessions, goods, fortune.

Plur.:

tum propter rei publicae calamitates omnium possessiones erant incertae: nunc deum immortalium benignitate omnium fortunae sunt certae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

bona fortunaeque,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113:

pecunia fortunaeque,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

fortunas morte dimittere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

et honore et auctoritate et fortunis facile civitatis suae princeps,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

fortunis sociorum consumptis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.:

fortunarum pericula,

Quint. 4, 2, 122.—

Sing.:

quo mihi fortuna, si non conceditur uti?

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12:

nec mea concessa est aliis fortuna,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 57:

adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris,

Vell. 2, 60, 1 Ruhnk.:

de fortuna, qua uterque abundabat,

Quint. 6, 1, 50:

fortunam in nominibus habere,

Dig. 4, 7, 40 fin.